DealMaker Q&A

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Entrevista con Ínigo del Val, socio en Allen & Overy España.

Ínigo del Val, socio en Allen & Overy España

TTR – ¿Cómo definiría usted la actividad del mercado de M&A español una vez finalizado el año? ¿Cuáles considera que son los principales factores explicativos de los resultados obtenidos?

Creo que no digo nada que no se haya dicho al señalar que ha sido un año estupendo. Los motivos son conocidos por todos: fondos disponibles en los industriales y los inversores, disponibilidad de deuda a precios razonables y apetito inversor. A pesar de haber existido incertidumbres macro-políticas y económicas los factores antes mencionados han marcado el nivel de operaciones de M&A. por otro lado el tejido industrial español ha dado muestras de fortaleza y haber hecho las cosas bien después de la crisis, creo que el país ha sabido vender confianza.

TTR – Según los datos de TTR, de las 2.454 operaciones registradas en España durante el año 2018, 1.336 son domésticas, con un importe agregado de EUR 8.799m, y 1.118 son crossborder, con un importe agregado de EUR 107.113m. Estos datos pueden entenderse como una fortaleza, en la medida en que pueden verse como un indicador de la elevada interacción internacional de las empresas españolas, o como una debilidad, en la medida en que los datos del mercado doméstico podrían considerarse no demasiado elevados. ¿Cuál es su opinión?

Es un dato natural y no sorprendente. Somos una economía fuerte pero no enorme y nuestras empresas están ahora mucho más internacionalizadas que antes. Es difícil ver operaciones inlcuso de “mid-market” sin componente internacional; esto es bueno. Somos un país receptor de inversión y esto también es bueno.


TTR – Como experto en el segmento Private Equity, ¿considera usted que las cifras registradas en 2018 son positivas? ¿Por qué?

Lo son, indudablemente. La competencia por buenos activos es feroz, la subasta en operaciones incluso de tamaño moderado es la norma y se ven pocas operaciones bilaterales salvo que tengas ángulos especiales. El sector está sano, hemos vivido épocas malas y todos somos más precavidos pero por ese mismo motivo creo que estamos mejor preparados para un cambio de ciclo.


TTR – Varias firmas de Private Equity internacionales de renombre han redoblado su apuesta en 2018 por el sector inmobiliario español, como es el caso de Blackstone, Cerberus, Lone Star, etc… ¿Qué condiciones se dan en el sector para que sea tan demandado por este tipo de entidades internacionales? ¿Por qué las firmas de private equity españolas parecen tener un menor interés en el real estate español?

Los fondos que mencionas han estado muy ligados al sector inmobiliario desde hace años con las operaciones de recompra de carteras a los bancos, lo conocen y han creado equipos expertos en ese ámbito. Tras la crisis queda mucho ladrillo que sacar de los balances de los bancos y ellos son los que más experiencia tienen en hacerlo y considerar su rentabilidad. Creo que los fondos nacionales son más puro capital riesgo y tienen la ambición de invertir en sectores industriales. Tampoco hay muchos fondos nacionales interesados en infraestructuras. Los fondos nacionales tienen otras pretensiones en retornos y equipos preparados para otro tipo de activos; no es su estrategia de inversión real estate salvo las empresas (ya incluso cotizadas) que operan en el sector.


TTR – ¿Qué otros sectores diría usted que se perciben como los de mayor potencial por players nacionales e internacionales del segmento Private Equity?

En España las operaciones grandes seguirán girando en torno a energía  e infraestructuras ya que son gran parte de las grandes compañías que hay en España. Pharma, real estate, salud… todos esos sectores son muy atractivos en estos momentos.


TTR – ¿Cómo prevé que se desarrolle el año 2019 en términos de M&A y Private Equity en España?

Creo que será parecido a 2018 y está empezando muy fuerte. Los mercados de capitales están bastante parados y eso hará que una potencial desaceleración natural en private M&A se copense con la necesidad de invertir. Tengo más dudas para 2020.

DealMaker Q&A

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TTR DealMaker Q&A with Pérez Alati Grondona Benites & Arntsen Partner Eugenio Aramburu


Deal Summary:

On 2 November, PeCom Servicios Energía, a subsidiary of Argentine conglomerate Pérez Companc Family Group, closed the acquisition of pump and petrochemicals manufacturer Bolland y Cia. for ARS 1.5bn (USD 126.3m). The transaction was selected by TTR as Deal of the Quarter in Argentina for 4Q18. The deal follows the USD 98m acquisition of PeCom Servicios Energía in 2015 by the family-owned holding, marking the group’s reentry into the oil and gas business and the subsequent acquisition of Tel3 closed in August. The group had previously exited its energy holdings with the USD 1.1bn sale of Petrolera Pérez Companc to Petrobras in 2002.

TTR talked to Pérez Alati Grondona Benites & Arntsen Partner Eugenio Aramburu about the deal.

Eugenio Aramburu

TTR: How did you land this mandate?

EA: We’ve been working with the Pérez Companc Family Group for a little more than a year-and-a-half. They knew of us through a few other deals, including the sale of the family oil business to Petrobras in 2002, when we represented the buyer. We also represented BRF when it bought a number of brands from the family’s food business, Molinos Río de la Plata, in 2015. They had a chance to interact with us at the time and selected us because we were one of the bigger firms in Argentina providing comprehensive legal services and they liked how we worked.

TTR: How did this deal come about?

EA: Pecom approached Bolland. Some shareholders wanted to sell, some did not. Some were older and some had taken equity in a recent management buy-out.

TTR: Why was Pecom interested in expanding its holdings in Argentina’s oil and gas industry?

EA: The Pérez Companc Family Group is confident that the oil and gas industry is going to expand and they wanted to expand into services they did not already offer to become a full-service provider to the industry. Through this deal they can now offer integrated solutions to all the operators throughout the oil and gas industry.

TTR: Why was it a good time to invest full heartedly in this industry?

EA: Notwithstanding the international price of oil, there is an absolute necessity from the standpoint of the Argentine government to develop the Vaca Muerta reserves as it is one of the biggest reserves of shale gas in the world. While development of these assets may be slower because of international energy prices, Argentina is going to provide incentives to develop this industry regardless. Argentina is currently importing gas, from Venezuela and elsewhere, which will become unnecessary once these reserves enter production. All these reasons motivated Pecom to have a bigger presence in the gas industry.

TTR: How did recent political and economic reforms in Argentina set the stage for this deal?

EA: During the Kirchner administration you would never have seen a transaction like this. The government had intervened in oil and gas prices and investments in the industry were basically zero. These investments that require a long term for amortization need a stable environment. When Macri came to power, the situation changed drastically. The government set out to stimulate investments in the energy market, which is where there have been more transactions. This transaction couldn’t have happened before. This is a bet on the part of the Perez Companc Group demonstrating confidence in the Argentine government and the industry.

TTR: What made this transaction challenging?

EA: Bolland had a lot of individual shareholders and they didn’t all have the same interest in the sale, so it demanded a lot of negotiations aligning all their different interests. Secondly, it was a very significant deal for Pecom because it implied doubling the size of the company. Thirdly, the regional nature of the deal, with Bolland having operating companies not only in Argentina, but in Brazil, Bolivia and Colombia, made it quite complex. The transaction took a lot of time, especially because we had to coordinate due diligence throughout these different countries. Also, the target was run like a family company, so we had to work a lot with the sellers to help them develop a data room. Then, during the negotiations, Argentina devalued the peso, which had a business impact on the target, so that had to be negotiated as well.

TTR: How was the transaction financed and how long did it take to close?

EA: The Perez Companc Group has available funds to finance the deal, so we did not have to negotiate any financing agreement. It took 10 months between execution of the non-binding offer and closing.

TTR: Why was the target considered a good complement to Pecom’s existing operations?

EA: Bolland produced pumps for the oil and gas industry, while Pecom didn’t have a pump business. They also had a chemicals business, and that was also an area in which Pecom was not present. It was a strategic acquisition that transformed Pecom into a full services provider.

TTR: What became of Bolland’s minority partner in the Colombian operating company?

EA: A Colombian businessman had a 30% stake in the Colombian subsidiary. He’s a Colombian investor who saw an opportunity to exit, so he tried to apply pressure for the sale of his stake, and Pecom decided it was easier not to have a minority shareholder in Colombia. At the time of closing we negotiated a term sheet for the acquisition of his stake and that acquisition was negotiated and consummated after closing of the first deal. It was not a substantial amount compared to the larger deal.

TTR: How will Pecom leverage Bolland’s interntional presence?

EA: Increasing its operations across the region is definitely an objective for Pecom now that it has become the biggest local player in Argentina through this transaction. Bolland had operating subsidiaries where Pecom didn’t have any presence at all and can now look at how to increase their market participation in these markets with their full portfolio of products and services.

TTR: How hard will this acquisition be for Pecom to integrate?

EA: Integration will be a big challenge for Pecom. It’s acquiring a target that’s almost as big as itself. Though Pecom is a family-owned company, it was run more like an international company in terms of corporate governance and labor standards. Bolland had almost 800 employees that will need to adjust to new policies and a different compensation scheme. From a real estate perspective, Pecom will have to move its headquarters to a new building that is being constructed now because the entire staff couldn’t all fit at the existing facility. IT systems will need to be integrated too, which is also a challenge.

TTR: What other deals do you see on the horizon for Pecom?

EA: We are now involved in one ongoing transaction where the group is negotiating another important acquisition related to the energy industry. I cannot offer more details on that as a binding agreement has yet to be signed. Suffice it to say that they’re looking to deepen their foothold in Argentina’s oil and gas industry and this is not the last of their investments.

TTR: How was the valuation arrived at and how pleased were the sellers?

EA: The sellers were satisfied with the outcome. Despite the devaluation that happened in the midst of negotiations, the purchase price, which was denominated in dollars, was not modified.

Some of the sellers considered their stake in Bolland as a retirement plan to see dividends forever and many didn’t want to assume liabilities and indemnifications with the sale. The fact that the price was good helped appease the detractors.

TTR: Which practice areas were critical to your firm’s work on the deal?

EA: In the diligence process we had lawyers from all fields, including oil and gas and environmental because Bolland had a chemicals business that produced products used to enhance the productivity of wells. The real estate practice was also important because there were assets located in border areas, which means you have apply for special permissions with Argentina’s Ministry of the Interior owing to security issues. Labor law also come into play because the target had unionized employees and commercial litigation attorneys were also heavily involved.

TTR: What makes this deal stand out among other transactions you’ve worked on?

EA: It’s not that common for an Argentine company to acquire a regional target. The coordination required to perform due diligence in four countries makes it stand out. Also, In Argentina, it’s not that common to see such large transactions, though perhaps the sum is not that material for an international transaction. Thirdly, from a business and psychological aspect, it was a really keystone transaction for our client. The client was really focused and needed to take care of every detail. For all these reasons it was a very important transaction for us and it took a lot of time. It was also really important for the client given that it resulted in the biggest player in Argentina.

TTR: What does this deal say about the level of confidence in Argentina?

EA: This transaction serves as a vote of confidence, especially at a time when the Macri administration was having some difficulties in the face of a recession and nervousness due to inflation, with several investors, especially international investors, delaying their investments. The first ones that take advantage of these opportunities are local players, eager to take a chance. They’re here for the long run. Hopefully international investors will follow.

DealMaker Q&A

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TTR DealMaker Q&A with Payet, Rey, Cauvi, Pérez Abogados Associate Alan García

Deal Summary:

On 30 November 2018, Lima-based asset management firm Sigma SAFI acquired a 51% interest in the Parque Eólico Marcona and Parque Eólico Tres Hermanas from Grupo Cobra for USD 56m, consolidating its ownership of Peru’s largest wind farms with a combined installed capacity of 130MW between them. The wind farms were developed by Grupo Cobra, a Spain-based subsidiary of ACS, with financing provided by a consortium of institutions including Eximbank, KFW DEG, FMO, CAF, Proparco and Natixis.TTR DealMaker Q&A with Payet, Rey, Cauvi, Pérez Abogados Associate Alan García

Alan García

Payet, Rey, Cauvi, Pérez Abogados Associate Alan García discusses details of a complex transaction that saw Sigma SAFI consolidate its ownership of Peru’s largest wind farm assets by paying off legacy creditors in the country’s first ever co-issuance.

TTR: How long have you been working with Sigma SAFI and how did you land this mandate?

AG: We’ve had a relationship with Sigma SAFI that spans several years. We represented the fund manager in 2015 and 2016 when it acquired its initial 49% interest in the two wind farms when Grupo Cobra retained its 51% stake. A couple of months ago we carried out a restructuring of the debt held by each entity, and from there we executed the acquisition. It was logical that we could be of value to the buyer given our understanding of the refinancing arrangement, which was a precursor to the acquisition. There were eight financial entities involved with mirrored contracts for Tres Hermanas and Marcona, each with its own project finance with all the associated step-in rights.

TTR: What made this transaction so complicated?

AG: The deal was complex because it required prepaying debt held by international development banks and simultaneously carrying out a private placement, all on the heels of a refinancing. Each project company had to be handled independently with their respective assets and concession agreements used as guarantees to the creditors. The complexities of the deal relate to its structure of guarantees that couldn’t be shared between entities and the symmetrical contracts that were drafted under New York and Peruvian Laws. The sequence of execution of the various contracts required to carry out the deal within a short period given to eliminate prior liens made the transaction especially challenging.

TTR: What makes this deal unique?

AG: This was the first co-issuance of notes by Peruvian issuers in Peru’s history. Being a replacement of debt and guarantees, basically with one project finance substituted by another, makes this deal stand out, especially given that between them the two wind farms represent 60% of the wind power capacity in Peru.

TTR: Which practice areas were involved?

AG: We had two teams working simultaneously, one dedicated to the acquisition and the other to the refinancing. Both teams were led by Finance and Capital Markets Partner Eduardo Vega and me, with parallel negotiations. We had corporate, tax, regulatory and energy specialists in each with a total of eight attorneys.

DealMaker Q&A

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Entrevista con Andrés Nieto,  socio líder de las prácticas de Derecho Bancario, Financiero y Bursátil en Von Wobeser y Sierra.

Andres Nieto ha comentado a TTR sus perspectivas sobre el Mercado M&A mexicano: “Para el 2019 se espera que las transacciones dentro del mercado de M&A se mantengan en constante crecimiento y superen aquellas completadas en 2018, siendo los sectores Fintech, de telecomunicaciones, inmobiliario, de infraestructura y energético, los principales a tener en cuenta y dar seguimiento”. 

Sr. Nieto en primer lugar ¿podría brindarnos un breve resumen sobre la marcha del mercado de M&A mexicano en lo que llevamos de año? ¿Cuáles considera que han sido las mayores sorpresas del año en comparación con las previsiones que se realizaron para este ejercicio?

De la información pública con la que se cuenta,  sabemos que durante los primeros tres meses de 2018, se ha calculado de manera extraoficial que el importe de las operaciones de M&A en el mercado mexicano ascendió a más de USD $3,000 millones, lo que representó un aumento positivo respecto al primer trimestre de 2017. Es importante recalcar también que el valor promedio de las operaciones de enero a marzo de 2018 tuvo un incremento considerable de aproximadamente un 30%, alcanzando un máximo en los últimos diez años de USD $124 millones por operación.

Asimismo, hasta el mes de agosto del año en curso, se registraron un total de 219 transacciones en el mercado de M&A en México. Al respecto, las cifras oficiales establecen que de las 219 transacciones que se han realizado durante 2018, 93 ascienden a la cantidad de USD $8,078 millones, lo que supone un aumento del 8.96% en el número de operaciones y una disminución del 55.49% en el importe de las mismas, respecto del mismo periodo del 2017.

Los sectores más destacados en lo que va del 2018 fueron el financiero, el de seguros y el inmobiliario, cada uno con un total de 37 operaciones, seguidos por los sectores de distribución y retail, los cuales registraron 21 operaciones. En este sentido, no podemos decir que haya habido muchas sorpresas, ya que éstos han sido los sectores más activos en los últimos años, lo que se prevé que siga ocurriendo. Por otro lado, podemos atribuir la desaceleración en el número de operaciones con respecto a 2017 al hecho de que en julio de 2018 hubo elecciones presidenciales, lo cual siempre genera un efecto de incertidumbre que ralentiza el mercado.

 

En 2018 se ha reflejado en México un volumen interesante de inversiones realizadas entre compañías extranjeras y entidades locales. Usted mismo ha asesorado en los últimos tiempos transacciones de varias geografías ¿Qué motivos considera que justifican estos datos?

Una de las principales razones por las cuales se ha visto recientemente un incremento en las actividades de inversión en México es el constante y progresivo aumento del producto interno bruto, el cual se ha mantenido aproximadamente en un aumento anual de 2.5%. Sin duda esta tendencia, ya consolidada desde hace varios años, genera la certidumbre que buscan los inversionistas al momento de tomar la decisión de invertir dentro de un mercado.

En este sentido, México se ha convertido en uno de los mercados más competitivos y estables dentro de América Latina y el resto del mundo gracias al esfuerzo que las autoridades mexicanas han realizado por fortalecer su marco regulatorio. Las reformas que se han presentado en los últimos años en distintos sectores, tales como energía, telecomunicaciones, competencia económica, anticorrupción y recientemente en el sector de financiamiento tecnológico o “Fintech”, han impulsado las inversiones en México, creando un ambiente muy atractivo para los inversionistas tanto nacionales como internacionales.

De igual forma, es necesario resaltar que las reformas implementadas han contribuido de manera importante al crecimiento de la inversión en México, entre otras razones porque: (i) otorgan mayor seguridad para los inversionistas; (ii) brindan nuevas oportunidades de inversión en sectores que anteriormente estaban reservados únicamente al Estado y en los que la inversión privada no podía participar, como es el caso de ciertos ámbitos del sector energético y (ii) promueven la competencia de algunos sectores, tratando de eliminar los monopolios, lo que sin duda alguna ha atraído mayores inversiones.

Según nuestros registros el sector tecnológico mexicano, en particular el subsector de Internet, había superado en el primer semestre de 2018 más del 100% las inversiones extranjeras realizadas en el mismo periodo en 2017. ¿A qué cree que se debe este repunte?

Sin duda este repunte deriva de la revolución tecnológica que se ha presentado en el pasado reciente en todo el mundo, dentro de la cual la tecnología, el internet y las tecnologías de la información se han convertido en una herramienta esencial tanto para las empresas de prácticamente todos los sectores, como para el público en general, incluyendo los gobiernos.

Asimismo, dicha revolución tecnológica se ha convertido en uno de los temas principales dentro del sector público en México, por lo que, en muchas de las ciudades del país, se han implementado políticas públicas en las que se establecen accesos públicos y gratuitos a internet en las principales zonas y plazas públicas, lo que representa un aumento en el número de usuarios activos de internet.

En ese sentido, debemos tomar en cuenta que el incremento del número de usuarios tanto del internet como del comercio electrónico, y las tecnologías de la información, así como de empresas Fintech, representa un fenómeno mundial que motiva el constante crecimiento del sector. Evidentemente estos factores han marcado el hecho de que las inversiones en el sector tecnológico y de internet han aumentado de manera exponencial durante 2018.

Por otro lado, otro factor del repunte esta relacionado con el hecho de que en el pasado mes de marzo fue publicada la Ley para Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera (“Ley Fintech”) y recientemente fueron publicadas las primeras disposiciones de su regulación secundaria. La Ley Fintech busca regula el sector de crowdfunding, los sistemas de pagos electrónicos y las criptomonedas, así como la prestación de servicios financieros mediante modelos novedosos, también denominado “sandbox”. Esta Ley Fintech, novedosa en ciertos aspectos y pionera en algunos otros a nivel mundial, ha otorgado un nivel certidumbre muy necesario al mercado, en virtud de que existían varias empresas Fintech operando en México en áreas legales “grises” y bajo interpretaciones estiradas o ambiguas de le legislación disponible. Sin duda alguna, este nuevo nivel de certidumbre ha sido motivo también del importante aumento en las inversiones durante el 2018, y se espera que, con el asentamiento y mejor conocimiento de la Ley Fintech, éste sea uno de los sectores que presente mayores inversiones en los próximos años.

Otras inversiones extranjeras en el país que también han reflejado una evolución positiva han sido las realizadas por firmas de Private Equity y de Venture Capital en entidades locales ¿Cuáles opina que son las causas? ¿Qué considera que manifiesta este creciente interés en el talento mexicano?

Las razones por las cuales las inversiones extranjeras realizadas por firmas de Private Equity y de Venture Capital han aumentado de manera positiva durante el último año, responden de igual manera al constante crecimiento del producto interno bruto dentro de los últimos años, así como las reformas que se han implementado en los últimos años en distintos sectores e industrias en México, mismas que han posicionado a México como el principal país en América Latina para invertir.

Asimismo, según el Reporte Global de Emprendedores Amway 2015, México se ha posicionado como el segundo país con mayor actitud emprendedora en el mundo, solamente detrás de Dinamarca. Esta tendencia, que sigue al alza, aunada y/o fortalecida por las mejoras en el marco regulatorio, el empuje y fomento por parte de las autoridades, y otros factores, ha contribuido a crear un ecosistema muy favorable para las startups Mexicanas, lo que sin duda hace muy atractivo el mercado para este tipo de firmas.

Para terminar, bajo su punto de vista ¿qué expectativas hay para la marcha del último trimestre del ejercicio? ¿Y para 2019?

Las expectativas para el último trimestre del año son complejas de analizar.

Por una parte, se espera que el acuerdo comercial alcanzado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (aunque a día de hoy siga pendiente de ratificación) devuelva buena parte de la confianza entre los inversionistas y se siga con la tendencia al alza en número y monto de inversiones en el país. Esto, después de la incertidumbre que hemos vivido en los últimos meses sin duda son grandes noticias. Por lo que hace a las transacciones en el mercado de M&A, se espera que para el cierre del ejercicio 2018 las transacciones transfronterizas superen la cantidad de USD $10,000 millones.

Por otro lado, no podemos dejar de mencionar de nueva cuenta la incertidumbre que ha generado (o sigue generando) entre los inversionistas la elección presidencial que tuvo lugar en julio pasado. Los mensajes y algunas de las propuestas proteccionistas del presidente electo, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, entre las que se encontraban dar marcha atrás a la reforma energética y cancelar la construcción del nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México, también han contribuido a una desaceleración de los mercados y la inversión. No obstante, podemos decir que, con el paso del tiempo y los mensajes más recientes del presidente electo, la incertidumbre está disminuyendo paulatinamente. En principio podemos esperar que la política económica del nuevo gobierno no implique cambios drásticos a la reforma energética, y se perfila a una política liberal. Esto, aunado al apoyo que ha recibido del sector empresarial y a la participación de su equipo dentro de la negociación del nuevo acuerdo comercial con México, Canadá y Estados Unidos, ha tenido como consecuencia la estabilidad parcial de los mercados.

Dicho eso, para el 2019 se espera que las transacciones dentro del mercado de M&A se mantengan en constante crecimiento y superen aquellas completadas en 2018, siendo los sectores Fintech, de telecomunicaciones, inmobiliario, de infraestructura y energético, los principales a tener en cuenta y dar seguimiento.

DealMaker Q&A

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DealMaker Q&A with Helena Vaz Pinto, M&A partner at Vieira de Almeida.

According to Helena Vaz Pinto, 2018 has been a quite positive year for M&A in Portugal, even with a “structural problem of financing the Portuguese economy, with repercussions in the M&A market”.

How would you assess the performance of the M&A market in Portugal since the beginning of 2018?

The assessment of the Portuguese M&A market in 2018 is quite positive. It has shown clear signs of maturity. It is a market that is no longer driven by the privatizations of large companies (which seems to be a closed chapter), nor a market predominantly integrated by restructuring processes and distressed M&A.

There is abundant liquidity, in particular from the part of foreign investors, and in a context of low interest rates, the M&A market tends to become more dynamic.
Although the distressed M&A component is still relevant, there has been a significant flow of operations that do not qualify as such and that evidence the existence of a certain development of the Portuguese transactional market. Obviously, the size of the transactions is adjusted to the dimension of the national economy, thus focusing mainly on midcap companies.
There was a clear preponderance of some sectors: real estate, financial (banking and insurance) energy, real estate and infrastructure (transport, health, tourism, education, telecoms, etc.).

In your opinion, what are the biggest constraints to M&A operations in Portugal today?

There are a number of structural factors that affect the Portuguese business ecosystem and that impact on the attractiveness of companies for the purpose of enticing investment. Amongst those factors it is worth mentioning the (still) excessive indebtedness and the limitations and restrictions on access to funding in the national banking system and the limited use of alternative sources of financing, namely via the capital market.

There continues to be a structural problem of financing the Portuguese economy, with repercussions in the M&A market. In M&A operations there is a very significant prevalence of foreign investment (of the most diverse origins) that is funded outside the Portuguese financial system. Obviously, it is also the difficulty to obtain finance and capital that pushes Portuguese companies and groups to rationalize their structures, through the sale of assets, the formation of partnerships with third parties or the sale of businesses, generating a significant part of the Portuguese transactional market workflow.

On the other hand, the majority of transactions are not large enough to attract the major international Private Equity houses who have minimum tickets of much greater value.

From another perspective, the fact that the current governmental solution is centered in an alliance between the socialist minority Government and the leftwing parties, led to the approval in 2018 of new legislation imposing the need to obtain the prior permission of employees in the transfer of businesses structured as asset deals. Depending on how courts will interpret and apply such legislation, this may be a relevant obstacle that may jeopardize or restrict the election for such transactions.

Corporate transactions in regulated sectors (financial, health, infrastructure concessions) still involve a lot of bureaucracy and excessive delay in the authorization processes to which they are subject. The issue of excessive delays is particularly relevant in the health sector where we see transactions that take more than one year to be authorized by the competent authorities. This issue is also present in the transactions of distressed assets carried out in a judicial context.

The performance of Venture Capital funds in Portugal has had quite an interesting year in 2018. How do you see the scenario of Portuguese legislation in the face of international models and practices, both for investors and for those seeking funding?

There is a boom of start-ups, venture capital funds, incubators, accelerators and programs and policies to stimulate this type of investment.

There was, in fact, more activity in Venture Capital in 2018 that is based on an economic and political context of incentive to entrepreneurship and innovation. There is a boom of start-ups, venture capital funds, incubators, accelerators and programs and policies to stimulate this type of investment.

In 2018 Venture Capital investments have been on track, but it is particularly worth mentioning that there has been some successful exits this year (which are an essential element of the Venture Capital investment cycle) and which are breaking the stagnation experienced in recent years in the sector (the most striking illustration of this was the IPO Anglo-Portuguese unicorn Farfetch).

The Venture Capital industry in Portugal has always been and remains extremely open and sensitive to international trends, adhering to US-based models and practices. The existing Portuguese regulatory framework in not however adequate for Venture Capital investment, and the adoption of a specific legal regime for this type of investment would thus be highly recommended.

In fact, the Portuguese legislation – in particular, corporate law with respect to investment models and corporate governance -, is not in line with the Venture Capital Anglo-Saxon based legal system, and the design and structuring of a Venture Capital transaction usually requires some adjustments to cope with international standards and practices. These adjustments are not very well understood by foreign investors and may give room to a certain level of entropy.

In this context, we have seen the relocation of Portuguese companies to other jurisdictions with more “investor friendly” corporate and governance structures, such as the USA, but also other European jurisdictions such as the UK and Luxembourg.

Which transactions would you highlight in terms of importance and complexity this year, whether you have acted directly or with the participation of Vieira de Almeida?

On the team’s work in 2018, in terms of importance I would highlight the following transactions the sale of Alitce/PT’s telecommunication tower businesses in Portugal, creating the first telecommunication tower company in Portugal.

There were also a number of deals in the energy sector (solar and wind) a large number of restructuring transactions that always involve a certain level of complexity.

In terms of complexity, I would also like to highlight the closing of the sale to Mirova Core Infrastructure in the beginning of 2018 of the combined shareholding stakes of two PPP in the road sector in Madeira Island (VIAEXPRESSO and Vialitoral). The sale of the stakes in the two companies was made by two different groups of shareholders with different interests and positions (some sold the entire stake in each different company and some just sold part of its position and remained shareholders of the target companies). Although the sale of the stakes in each company were deal with by two separate agreements, they have been designed in terms that one transaction could not be completed without the other.

Finally, and with regard to the the financial sector, we would like to highlight the sale process launched by CGD (the Portuguese public bank) of its foreign subsidiaries in Spain and South Africa (still ongoing).