DealMaker Q&A

TTR DealMaker Q&A con José María Gil-Robles, socio de DLA Piper

José María Gil-Robles es socio responsable del departamento de Corporate de DLA Piper en España. Tiene amplia experiencia en operaciones de fusiones y adquisiciones y reestructuración de deuda asesorando a inversores de capital riesgo y Hedge Funds. Así mismo es muy activo en situaciones especiales de crisis financiera y de reestructuración.

TTR – ¿Cómo describiría la actividad de M&A en España en lo que va de año?

El año, como no podía ser de otra manera, está resultando complicado. Nuestro crecimiento es mayor que el de muchos países de nuestro entorno, la deuda pública está (por el momento, y a la espera del resultado de las elecciones de noviembre) estable, la prima de riesgo se mantiene en los niveles de los últimos años y se sigue creando empleo, factores todos ellos que ayudan a que España siga en el radar de los inversores internacionales. Pero al mismo tiempo los indicadores macroeconómicos llevan meses deteriorándose: todos los días nos desayunamos con la llamada a la cautela de algún organismo internacional, no somos inmunes a factores de riesgo de la economía mundial que todos conocemos y hemos tenido un año cargado de elecciones (que nunca son buenas para la actividad de M&A), y que todavía no ha finalizado.

Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, es previsible que acabemos el año por detrás de 2018 en cuanto a número de operaciones y, a expensas de lo que pueda ocurrir en relación con procesos como la venta de Ferrovial Servicios, también en cuanto a volumen. Dicho esto, no creo que quienes nos dedicamos a asesorar en operaciones de M&A tengamos motivo alguno para la queja, aunque la actividad se ralentice, el año va a ser bueno, muy bueno. Me gustaría equivocarme, pero creo que 2020 será un año más complicado y en el que añoraremos el nivel de actividad que estamos disfrutando.

TTR – Como experto en operaciones de private equity, ¿qué diagnóstico haría del mercado español? ¿Considera que se encuentra en un buen momento? 

Mi sensación es que, en cuanto al volumen de inversión, el año será tan bueno como el pasado o incluso mejor: se han ejecutado ya o están a punto de cerrarse tres operaciones de public to private (Telepizza, Natra y Parques Reunidos), sólo el primer semestre se han cerrado más de 8 mega deals (que en España, y de acuerdo con la clasificación de Ascri, son aquellas operaciones de más de €100 millones) y en la segunda mitad del año ya se han cerrado o se cerrarán previsiblemente algunas transacciones de cuantía muy significativa que pueden llevar el volumen de inversiones por encima del alcanzado 2018. 

Pero si eliminamos el efecto de los mega deals y nos fijamos en el número de operaciones, vemos que el mercado de private equity también se está ralentizando, menos que el mercado de M&A en su conjunto por la necesidad que tienen los operadores de encontrar acomodo a los importes bastante significativos que los inversores han puesto en sus manos en estos últimos años, pero si empezamos a ver menor actividad.

Dicho esto, el momento que vive el sector es muy bueno y durante unos cuantos meses todavía vamos a estar ocupados.

TTR – ¿Qué tipo de compañías diría usted que resultan más atractivas para los inversores de private equity en este momento? ¿Qué sectores destacaría?

En el corto plazo creo que los sectores sanitario, residencias para la tercera edad, alimentación, fintech, alimentación y hostelería, retail y empresas de tecnología seguirán protagonizando muchas de las inversiones de los operadores de private equity. También educación, donde hemos visto muchas operaciones en estos dos últimos años, y energías renovables y otras inversiones sostenibles.

A medio plazo los temas estrella para los inversores van a ser, en mi opinión, la inteligencia artificial, el envejecimiento de la población, la automatización de procesos, la ciberseguridad, la sostenibilidad (los recursos naturales) y la digitalización.

TTR – Cuenta usted también con experiencia en la transmisión de carteras de deuda. ¿Qué tipos de carteras de deuda son los más demandados? ¿Qué tipo de players existen en este mercado? 

El número de compradores de carteras se mantiene estable desde hace varios años, pero la tipología es algo distinta. En sus orígenes los inversores tenían un perfil marcadamente oportunista, algunos desinvirtieron cuando España empezó a salir de la crisis y no han vuelto, y otros, como Lone Star, han regresado con energías renovadas tras varios años sin pisar nuestro país. Junto a ellos tenemos inversores “industriales” y también algún fondo de pensiones, como CPPIB.

En general el apetito es mayor por las carteras de inmuebles y de hipotecas que por las carteras de deuda unsecured, que en estos momentos tienen un universo de potenciales compradores más limitado (Gescobro, Axactor, Intrum o Cabot, por ejemplo) que el de compradores de hipotecas.

En cuanto a la deuda hipotecaria, las carteras más complicadas son las de hipoteca residencial, por las incertidumbres en cuanto a su ejecución que la reciente resolución C-260/18, de 3 de octubre, del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea debería ayudar a despejar. Es difícil saber con qué rapidez empezaremos a ver más procesos de venta de este tipo de carteras, para cuya compra los fondos de pensiones deberían estar mejor posicionados que el resto.

Para el resto de hipotecas no van a faltar compradores, porque incluso operadores que tradicionalmente sólo invertían en deuda unsecured ahora tienen apetito por deuda secured.

TTR – Sin duda las compraventas de carteras de deuda son muy frecuentes en nuestro mercado. ¿Qué factores explican esta frecuencia? ¿Se mantendrá el ritmo de operaciones de este tipo en el medio/largo plazo? 

La elevada frecuencia de operaciones en España es muy sencilla de explicar: hay una oferta de activos non-performing (NPEs) estimada en torno a €300.000 millones, de los que dos tercios son inmuebles (REOs) y el resto son non-performing loans (NPLs), y hay también mucha demanda. 

En cuanto al lado de la oferta, es verdad que tanto los bancos españoles como (en menor medida) Sareb han hecho un esfuerzo desinversor descomunal desde que empezó la crisis, pero una parte importante de dichos activos (casi el 45%) tienen que ser todavía objeto de desinversión por parte de los inversores que los han comprado, desinversión que en muchos años se producirá mediante la venta de carteras a nuevos inversores (las operaciones de mercado secundario eran rara avis hace unos años y ya hemos visto algunos activos cambiar de manos una tercera vez). Y los bancos españoles y Sareb siguen siendo propietarios de NPEs por más de €100.000 y €36.000 millones, respectivamente, de los que tienen que desprenderse sin prisa pero sin pausa, de manera que lo previsible es que la oferta se mantenga en los niveles actuales en los próximos 5 años.

Respecto a la demanda, hay mucho apetito por este tipo de activos y muchos fondos levantados para adquirirlos, por lo que es difícil pensar que la demanda vaya a retraerse en los próximos años.

English version

TTR – How would you describe the M&A market in Spain year-to-date in 2019?

The year, as it could not be otherwise, is proving complicated. Our growth is greater than that of many surrounding countries, public debt is (for the time being, and pending the outcome of the November elections) stable, the risk premium remains at the levels of recent years and employment continues to be created, all factors that help Spain remain on the radar of international investors. But at the same time the macroeconomic indicators have been deteriorating for months, every day we have breakfast with the call for caution from some international body, we are not immune to risk factors of the global economy that we all know and we have had a year full of elections (which are never good for the M&A activity) that has not yet ended.

Bearing this in mind, it is foreseeable that we will end the year behind 2018 in terms of the number of operations and, at the expense of what may happen in relation to processes such as the sale of Ferrovial Servicios, also in terms of volume. Having said that, I don’t think that those of us who are involved in advising on M&A operations have any reason for complaint, although the activity is slowing down, the year is going to be good, very good. I would like to make a mistake, but I think 2020 will be a more complicated year and we will miss the level of activity we are enjoying.

TTR – As a private equity expert, what do you think about the Spanish market? Are we in a good moment?

My feeling is that, in terms of investment volume, the year will be as good as last year or even better: three public to private operations (Telepizza, Natra and Parques Reunidos) have already been executed or are about to be closed, more than 8 mega deals have been closed in the first half of the year (which in Spain, and according to Ascri’s classification, are those operations of more than €100 million) and in the second half of the year some transactions of a very significant amount have already been closed or are expected to be closed, which could bring the volume of investments above that reached in 2018. 

But if we eliminate the effect of mega deals and look at the number of operations, we see that the private equity market is also slowing down, less than the M&A market as a whole because of the need for operators to accommodate the significant amounts that investors have put in their hands in recent years, but if we start to see less activity.

Having said that, the moment the sector is going through is very good and for a few months we are still going to be busy.

TTR – What kind of companies do you think are more attractive to private equity investors at the moment? What are the most prominent sectors, in your opinion?

In the short term, I believe that the healthcare, nursing homes, food, fintech, food and hospitality, retail and technology sectors will continue to be the focus of many of the investments made by private equity operators. Also education, where we have seen many operations in the last two years, and renewable energies and other sustainable investments.

In the medium term, the star topics for investors are going to be, in my opinion, artificial intelligence, population ageing, process automation, cybersecurity, sustainability (natural resources) and digitisation.

TTR – You also have a track record advising in debt portfolio transactions. What kind of debt portfolios are the most in demand? What kind of players are operating in this market?

The number of buyers of portfolios has remained stable for several years, but the typology is somewhat different. Originally, investors had a markedly opportunistic profile, some disinvested when Spain began to emerge from the crisis and have not returned, and others, such as Lone Star, have returned with renewed energy after several years without stepping foot in our country. Along with them we have “industrial” investors and also some pension funds, such as CPPIB.

In general, the appetite is greater for real estate and mortgage portfolios than for unsecured debt portfolios, which currently have a more limited universe of potential buyers (Gescobro, Axactor, Intrum or Cabot, for example) than mortgage buyers.

With regard to mortgage debt, the most complicated portfolios are those of residential mortgages, due to the uncertainties regarding their execution that the recent resolution C-260/18, of 3 October, of the European Court of Justice should help to clear. It is difficult to know how quickly we will begin to see more processes of selling this type of portfolio, for the purchase of which pension funds should be better positioned than the rest.

For the rest of the mortgages there will be no shortage of buyers, because even operators who traditionally only invested in unsecured debt now have an appetite for secured debt.

TTR – There is no doubt that purchases and sales of debt portfolios are very frequent in our market. What factors account for this? Do you think these transactions will keep up in the middle to long term?

The high frequency of operations in Spain is very simple to explain: there is an estimated supply of non-performing assets (NPEs) of around €300,000 million, of which two thirds are real estate (REOs) and the rest are non-performing loans (NPLs), and there is also a lot of demand. 

On the supply side, it is true that both Spanish banks and (to a lesser extent) Sareb have made a huge disinvestment effort since the crisis began, but a significant part of those assets (almost 45%) have yet to be disinvested by the investors who bought them, a disinvestment that in many years will occur through the sale of portfolios to new investors (secondary market operations were rare a few years ago and we have already seen some assets change hands a third time). And the Spanish banks and Sareb continue to own NPEs for more than €100 billion and €36 billion, respectively, which they have to release slowly but steadily, so supply is expected to remain at current levels over the next 5 years.

Regarding demand, there is a lot of appetite for this type of assets and many funds raised to acquire them, so it is difficult to think that demand will shrink in the coming years.

DealMaker Q&A

TTR DealMaker Q&A con Antonio Fernández, presidente de Armabex y ArmanexT

Antonio Fernández Hernando es el presidente de Armabex y de ArmanexT. Economista y Executive MBA por IESE, cuenta con más de 25 años de experiencia en el sector financiero ocupando posiciones directivas de responsabilidad.

TTR: ArmanexT ha sido la primera empresa española autorizada por Euronext como Listing Sponsor. ¿Cómo se gesta la decisión de especializarse en esta bolsa paneuropea? ¿Cree que el número de compañías españolas prestando este tipo de servicio irá en aumento?

Es una decisión que viene empujada por la observación: ¿por qué siendo España el segundo país con más PYMES de Europa no llegaban a medio centenar las que cotizan el Mercado Alternativo español? Después de analizar con detalle las respuestas y justificaciones que nos daban las distintas PYMES y fondos de capital riesgo, llegamos a la conclusión de que había determinados aspectos en los criterios de admisión y permanencia en dicho Mercado que, en principio, no encajaban con las necesidades y expectativas de ambos. 

En ArmanexT estamos convencidos de que el camino natural para el crecimiento y la internacionalización de las PYMES es el Mercado de Valores, por lo que continuamos buscando cómo dar respuesta a esta situación. Acudimos entonces al Alternative Investment Market (AIM) -que es el Sistema Multilateral de Negociación similar al MAB, pero de la Bolsa de Londres- pero con el Brexit a punto de concluir, nos centramos en Euronext que es la mayor plataforma de bolsas de Europa y comprende, entre otras, las de Francia, Bélgica, Holanda, Portugal, e Irlanda. 

En ArmanexT, como Listing Sponsor oficial ayudamos a las PYMES con los requisitos de acceso a cotizar y el mantenimiento que exige Euronext, los cuales, ahora sí, entendemos son más asumibles para las expectativas, necesidades y tamaño de muchas PYMES y SOCIMI españolas.

TTR: ¿Qué ventajas puede ofrecer el cross-listing en Euronext a las empresas españolas? ¿A qué tipo de empresas recomendaría llevar a cabo el proceso?

Cotizar en dos mercados a la vez supone dar visibilidad a la compañía ante posibles inversores. Es un mensaje claro de los órganos de dirección de la compañía sobre la transparencia y búsqueda de liquidez para sus actuales y futuros accionistas. 

No obstante, el cross-listing es más bien un paso intermedio para que la compañía decida finalmente qué Mercado de Valores se adapta mejor a su estrategia de crecimiento y composición accionarial. No creo que con una misma moneda y dentro de la Unión Europea sea esta medida muy sostenible y necesaria a medio plazo. No es sino una parte de un proceso para aquellas compañías que, cotizando en un Mercado, decidan transitoriamente hacerlo en dos a la vez. 

Una vez pasado un plazo de tiempo prudencial, y viendo en qué Bolsa tienen más inversores y liquidez, es previsible que tomen la decisión de estar finalmente cotizando en una sola.

TTR: ¿Qué diferencias hay a nivel técnico con el listing que pueden llevar a cabo las empresas españolas en el mercado financiero nacional?

Los requisitos entre ambos Mercados de Valores a nivel de costes y plazos son distintos y variados.

De Euronext destacaría la posibilidad de realizar un Listing Técnico, muy justificado para empresas familiares, empresas tecnológicas o PYMES que quieren participar de las innumerables ventajas que ofrece el cotizar en un Mercado de Valores, pero sin la necesidad inicial de cambiar su estructura accionarial. 

Con este sistema que, además, hemos simplificado en ArmanexT, la compañía no necesita realizar una oferta de acciones inicial. Puede cotizar con el número y composición de accionistas que tenga. Más adelante podrá decidir realizar ampliaciones de capital, operaciones corporativas o entradas de capital riesgo para las cuales ya estará perfectamente preparada.

TTR: ¿Percibe interés de compañías nacionales para iniciar este proceso de cotización en Euronext? ¿Está Armanext autorizado a prestar sus servicios a empresas de nacionalidad no española?

Cotizar en bolsa ni es caro, ni es complicado ni es solo para las grandes compañías. Estos son mitos obsoletos fruto de otras épocas y mercados.  La receptividad que estamos teniendo para ofrecer estas importantes decisiones, siempre pasan por una actuación de máxima responsabilidad de los principales accionistas de las PYMES, en analizar con detalle esta nueva oportunidad que hasta ahora no estaba a su alcance. Son varias las compañías que han iniciado un periodo de 2-3 meses de reflexión y análisis para evaluar las ventajas y las obligaciones que les supone el cotizar en una bolsa como, por ejemplo, la de París. 

Fuera de nuestras fronteras, nos encontramos que entre las empresas que lo están analizando, están compañías de países de LATAM, como México, Argentina, Colombia… que se plantean el cotizar, incluso directamente, en la Bolsa de París, con distintos objetivos: desde una deslocalización geo-política por la situación de sus respectivos países, hasta la búsqueda de posibles inversores y notoriedad en la que es la tercera economía del mundo, la zona Euro. Muchas de ellas están tremendamente dolarizadas y este cambio les puede ayudar a iniciar una nueva etapa de crecimiento en un mercado tan importante como es el europeo. 

La licencia que tenemos en ArmanexT como Listing Sponsor oficial de Euronext nos permite incorporar a cotizar a cualquier compañía que cumpla los requisitos de admisión con independencia del país de procedencia de la misma. En ArmanexT tenemos tres áreas muy diferenciadas: la dedicada a las PYMES (incluidas SOCIMI) que quieren cotizar en Euronext Access París; la dedicada a las SOCIMI que quieren cotizar en España, y otra área para empresas de LATAM.

DealMaker Q&A

TTR DealMaker Q&A with Gómez-Acebo & Pombo Spain, Partner Iñigo Erlaiz Cotelo

IÑIGO ERLAIZ COTELO

Iñigo Erlaiz Cotelo is Partner of Goméz-Acebo & Pombo Spain, Head of Corporate and M&A from February 2016 – specializes in corporate, commercial and M&A transactions, notably involving private equity and restructuring and insolvency-led transactions. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the firm. As to industry sectors he specializes in food, retail, and manufacturing.

TTR: How would you describe the M&A market in Spain year-to-date in 2019?

We are seeing a high amount of activity. While it’s true that the rate has not been steady, slowing down to a certain point prior to the election and/or caused by news that has generated uncertain macro conditions, in general, we are seeing a lot of transactional activity. This activity has ramped up over H1, driven by abundant liquidity and low rates that favour access to financing. As this should continue, we expect H2 to have a similar level of activity.

TTR: As an expert in Retail, Insurance and Pension Funds, how do you expect these sectors to perform? What is your growth forecast for these sectors in Spain in the medium-to-long term?

These are sectors that are going through a transformation process. In the retail sector, we are seeing movements arising from the search for new models and the departure of existing models (investment in companies with a technological base and restructuring of traditional business). In the insurance sector, there has been a lot of activity stemming from the reorganisation of bancassurance agreements. Also, there are cooperation agreements and investments that allow for progress in the digitalisation of the sector. It is still a fragmented sector, where a concentration process is pending, which will arrive sooner or later (I think via an initial concentration phase of mutual insurance companies, by searching for efficiency and robustness of the balance facing a regulatory environment that is increasingly demanding with solvency levels).

TTR: How do you see the Spanish private equity market developing?

It is also very dynamic. Funds have been raised recently which have been larger. Therefore investment has also grown. There is a lot of competition in the middle of the market (where a large number of operators compete)and at the high end, but with more limited investment opportunities. All this, along with a return to lending with financing structures in which debt-based funds are entering, means a more favourable context for the seller. I think that the trend will continue for the rest of the year.

TTR: One of the attractive sectors in Spain for private equity firms is the food industry, in which you also have considerable experience. Why is this sector so attractive for private equity investors in the current economic climate?

It is one of the sectors that has invested most in technology and process modernisation. There are very competitive companies, international leaders in their market niches who are exporters by vocation. At the same time, there is a reconfiguration process in relationships between suppliers and distributors in which some operators are looking for access to new markets and clients while others are looking for more efficiency though vertical integration. Private equity funds can be immensely useful to support these processes. I think there is a clear flit and that it is a sector that offers many opportunities to this type of investor profile.

TTR: You also specialize in bankruptcy and restructuring processes. What is the most viable solution for the companies undergoing such processes currently: to access funds from financial institutions or to raise capital through the sale of equity to external investors? What are the advantages of each option?

Traditional financial institutions avoid these situations. There are special situations funds that can inject debt in a pre-bankruptcy situation but must be a loan-to-value and a clear exit scenario. Often, greater legal certainty is offered by structuring the takeover and restructuring transaction within the bankruptcy, be it with a proposal of early agreement or via purchasing a production unit. These are complex transactions, reserved for specialised funds that require a significant amount of prior risk analysis but whose returns may be substantial in return.

TTR DealMaker Q&A con Gómez-Acebo & Pombo España, Sócio Iñigo Erlaiz Cotelo

TTR: Cómo describiría la actividad del mercado de M&A español en lo que va de 2019?

Estamos viendo gran actividad. Es cierto que el ritmo ha sido inconstante, con cierta ralentización previa al proceso electoral y/o motivada por noticias que han generado momentos de incertidumbre macro pero, en general, sigue habiendo mucho movimiento transaccional. Esta actividad se ha acelerado en el final del primer semestre, impulsada por la abundancia de liquidez y un entorno de tipos bajo que favorece el acceso a la financiación. Como ese contexto se mantendrá prevemos una segunda parte del año con un ritmo de actividad similar.

TTR: Más específicamente, como experto en los sectores Retail y Seguros y Fondos de Pensiones, ¿qué balance haría de su actividad transaccional? ¿Qué comportamiento espera en estos sectores en el medio/largo plazo en España?

Son sectores que están viviendo tiempos de transformación y cambio. En el sector retail vemos movimientos provocados por la búsqueda de nuevos modelos y el agotamiento de los existentes (inversiones en compañías con base tecnológica y restructuración de negocios tradicionales). En sector de seguros ha habido mucha actividad derivada de la reorganización de los acuerdos de bancaseguros. También hay inversión y acuerdos de colaboración que permitan avanzar en el proceso de digitalización del sector. Sigue siendo un sector atomizado, donde está pendiente un proceso de concentración que, tarde o temprano, acabará por llegar, yo creo que de la mano de una primera fase de concentración de las mutuas, buscando eficiencia y robustez del balance ante un entorno regulatorio cada vez más exigente con los niveles de solvencia.

TTR: ¿Qué expectativas tiene con el mercado de private equity español?

Está también muy dinámico. Se han levantado fondos recientemente y, además, de mayor tamaño, por lo que el ticket de las operaciones ha aumentado también. Hay mucha competencia en el segmento medio de mercado (donde compite un número elevado de operadores) y en el alto, con  oportunidades de inversión más limitadas. Todo ello, junto con una vuelta del crédito y con estructuras de financiación en las que también están entrando los fondos de deuda, se ha traducido en un contexto más favorable al lado vendedor. Creo que durante el resto del año se mantendrá la tendencia.

TTR: Uno de los sectores más atractivos para private equity en España es el sector alimentario, en el que también tiene usted experiencia contrastada. ¿Qué ofrece este sector en la actualidad a firmas de private equity?

Es uno de los sectores que más ha invertido en tecnología y modernización de procesos. Encontramos compañías muy competitivas, líderes internacionales en sus nichos de mercado y con vocación exportadora. Al mismo tiempo hay un proceso de reconfiguración de las relaciones entre proveedores y distribuidores, en el que algunos operadores buscan acceso a nuevos mercados y clientes y otros más eficiencia a través de integraciones verticales. Los fondos de private equity pueden ser de gran utilidad para apoyar estos procesos. Creo que hay un encaje claro y que es un sector que ofrece grandes oportunidades a este perfil de inversor.

TTR: Por último, se especializa usted también en insolvencias y restructuraciones. En este tipo de situaciones, ¿es más viable hoy día acudir a financiación de entidades financieras o a inversores que entren en el accionariado de las empresas concursadas? ¿Qué ventajas tiene cada opción?

Las entidades financieras tradicionales evitan estas situaciones. Hay fondos de situaciones especiales que pueden inyectar deuda en una situación pre-concursal, pero tiene que haber un loan to value y un escenario de salida claros. A menudo ofrece mayor seguridad jurídica instrumentar la operación de toma de control y restructuración dentro del concurso, ya sea con una propuesta anticipada de convenio o la compra de una unidad productiva. Son operaciones complejas, reservadas a fondos especializados, que requieren de mucho análisis previo “a riesgo”, pero que, a cambio, pueden aportar grandes rentabilidades.

DEALMAKER INSIGHTS

Rules and Advantages of using Insurance for M&A Transactions

By Thomaz Kastrup, Partner at Mattos Filho.

Thomaz Kastrup

Transactions involving purchase and sale, incorporations and mergers, generically denominated as mergers and acquisitions transactions (“M&A”), encompass a variety of different structures that, as a rule, involve the transfer of a set of rights and obligations between buyers and sellers, where the risks – despite the sincere efforts of the due diligence teams involved – are not entirely known by the buyers when the transaction contracts (“Contracts”) are executed.

In fact, given the uncertain nature of the business activities, it is possible that even the sellers are not aware of all the factors and events, past and present, which can materially impact the futures of their companies.

Therefore, in order to become predictable, these Contracts use representations and warranties (“R&W”) clauses. A useful mechanism for the sharing of risks inherent to M&A deals, the R&W allocate such risks to those best prepared to support them. In effect, more than in other sections of the Contracts, it is in the R&W that value in M&A transactions can be created or destroyed.

In practice, these kinds of clauses are structured in the form of statements about the company being acquired (the “Target”) which are made by seller and that work as a set of assumptions about the transaction’s economic conditions. In case of any incorrectness or inaccuracy of such clauses, buyer will be allowed to seek for the pre-established contractual remedies.

In this stage, the possible measures/remedies vary as wildly as M&A structures themselves, although the following are almost always included in the Contracts: (i) indemnity assurances through which the seller is obligated to reimburse the buyer for damages resulting from the violation of the R&W in question; and (ii) the contracting of escrow account administration services, through which part of the funds necessary for the completion of the transaction are unavailable to the parties and under the management of an independent banking institution that will either return them to the buyer  – to the extent the R&W are not complied with – or, if they are fully observed, deliver them to the seller at the end of the term agreed to in the relevant Contract.

Representations and Warranties Insurance

The main purpose of the Representations and Warranties insurance (“R&W Insurance”) – the object of this text – is to ensure compliance with the R&W. Such policies can be taken out by either the buyer or the seller side. As an alternative to the remedies above, R&W Insurance presents a series of advantages, namely:

  • during pre-closing, it reduces the distress between buyers and sellers regarding the representations and warranties to the extent the burdens resulting from their violation are supported by the insurer, an independent third party;
  • during post-closing, if the buyer and seller remain in contact, whether because it was not a full sale, or because the seller continues to participate in the Target’s management, distress is avoided as any R&W violations will be dealt with through the insurer and not between the parties;
  • speeds up indemnity payments, mainly because these payments made through insurance are typically less susceptible to litigation than if they were made directly between the parties;
  • buyers are able to access better financing conditions to the extent that the Target’s activity is subjected to less unexpected events;
  • ensures that R&W violations are indemnified regardless of the seller’s financial condition;
  • allows buyers and sellers to cut ties faster – whether through indemnity agreements or the establishment of escrow accounts, after closing the seller is typically prohibited from freely accessing the funds resulting from the transaction; this situation can be especially inconvenient for investment funds with defined duration term or to any party wishing to use such funds for other purposes; and
  • with the trend of decrease of the interest rates, depending on the seller’s capital cost, taking on a R&W Insurance policy can be more financially advantageous (with the resulting improvement of the RoR of other investments) compared to keeping large sums deposited in an escrow account.

Created in 1997 in the US, R&W Insurance took a while to gain market, but it has grown significantly in recent years. In 2017, for example, 34% of the M&A transactions with values between US$ 25 million and US$ 1 billion counted with R&W Insurance, while the corresponding figure for 2016 was 20%.

Still in 2017, R&W Insurance policies were taken out in 75% of M&A transactions where private equity funds figured as buyers [1].

In addition to the larger market penetration, over time, R&W Insurance products have become more flexible. In principle, insurers offering these products were quite reticent when the policy holder did not maintain part of the risk, in such a manner that R&W Insurance would cover only  the excess of the limits of the indemnity agreements executed by seller. However, in the US it is currently possible to find policies without such limitations, although the premiums for these products are, of course, higher.

In the US, R&W Insurance premiums vary, on average, between 3% to 8% of the insured capital (which is proportional to the value of the transaction), which can make it less attractive for smaller transactions due to the high subscription costs, especially related to qualitative analyses carried out by insurers on the due diligence processes carried out by buyers [2].

In Brazil

The products available in Brazil normally cover: (i) the amounts payable to  buyers  as penalties or indemnities under the terms of the Contracts entered into with the sellers due to violation of the R&W; and (ii) the defense costs relating to suits filed by third parties as a result of R&W violations.

The following are exclusions and events of loss of rights typical of these kinds of insurance products:

  • R&W explicitly identified by the insurer as not being covered or only partially covered (in the extension of such non-cover);
  • all R&W violations, or facts that could reasonably result in R&W violations, over which the buyer either had knowledge of or should have had knowledge of, when signing or closing the transaction, as the case may be, and that were not disclosed to the insurer before such dates;
  • fines and penalties of a criminal nature;
  • non-compliance by the insured (buyer) of its obligations, as established in the Contract; and
  • negligence by the insured (buyer) in immediately communicating to the insurer any R&W violation or fact that could reasonably result in a R&W violation or any aggravation in the risk of a R&W violation.

The first product of this kind was only marketed in Brazil in the 2014 year by AIG Seguros Brasil S.A. With a product solely available for the buyer side and with a capped cover of US$ 25 million (per transaction) [3], it is clear that the R&W Insurance market in this country still lacks the diversity and flexibility of the North American market. Even so, according to Marsh Corretora de Seguros Ltda., R&W Insurance demand in Brazil over the first half of the 2018 year grew by 35%, compared to the same period in 2017 [4].

Conclusion

Beyond the long term trends (Brazil has been seeing a significant increase in the volume of M&A over the past two decades[5]), the imminent approval of an agenda of legislative reform and the start of a new cycle of prosperity in the country are setting the expectation for a rapid increase in the volume of M&A transactions and, consequently, of contracting of R&W Insurance.

Bearing in mind that the national market for this kind of insurance remains unexploited, this favorable economic scenario represents a unique growth opportunity for insurers. Meanwhile, for those involved in M&A deals (especially lawyers), the handling of this product will represent an important competitive edge, to the extent it will undoubtedly add significant value to the transactions they deal with, as already happens in more mature markets.


[1] Seen on April 23 2019, at 9:00 pm: https://www.aon.com/m-and-a-riskinreview/index.html

[2] Seen on April 23 2019, at 9:10 pm: https://www.mofo.com/resources/news/representation-and-warranties-insurance-a-new-strategic-negotiation-tool-for-dealmakers.html

[3] Seen on April 23 2019, at 9:30 pm: https://www.aig.com.br/seguros/seguro-m-and-a

[4] Estadão. Procura por seguro para fusões e aquisições aumenta 35% no Brasil. Available at: https://economia.estadao.com.br/blogs/coluna-do-broad/procura-por-seguro-para-fusoes-e-aquisicoes-aumenta-35-no-brasil/.

[5] https://www.pwc.com.br/pt/estudos/servicos/assessoria-tributaria-societaria/fusoes-aquisicoes/2018/fusoes-e-aquisicoes-no-brasil-dezembro-2018.htmlhttps://www.pwc.com.br/pt/estudos/servicos/assessoria-tributaria-societaria/fusoes-aquisicoes/2018/fusoes-e-aquisicoes-no-brasil-dezembro-2018.html


Regras e vantagens do seguro para operações de M&A

Por Thomaz Kastrup, sócio do escritório Mattos Filho.

As operações de compra e venda, incorporação, fusão de empresas, dentre outras, genericamente denominadas fusões e aquisições (mergers and acquisitions – “M&A”), abrangem uma variedade de estruturas diferentes que, em regra, importam na transferência de um complexo de direitos e obrigações entre alienantes e adquirentes, cujos riscos – apesar dos esforços sinceros das equipes de due diligence – não são inteiramente conhecidos pelos adquirentes no momento da assinatura dos contratosda operação (“Contratos”).

Em verdade, dada a natureza incerta das atividades empresariais, é possível que nem mesmo o vendedor tenha ciência dos fatores e eventos, presentes ou pretéritos, passíveis de impactar materialmente seu negócio no futuro.

Assim, a fim de se tornarem mais previsíveis, os Contratos se valem das cláusulas de declarações e garantias (representantions and warranties – “R&W”). Mecanismo hábil à repartição dos riscos inerentes às operações de M&A, por meio das R&W é possível aloca-los àqueles melhor equipados para suportá-los. Com efeito, mais do que em outras seções dos Contratos, em meio às R&Ws pode-se criar ou destruir valor nas operações de M&A.

Na prática, as cláusulas desse tipo são estruturadas na forma de assertivas sobre a empresa a ser adquirira (“Target”) feitas pelo vendedor e funcionam como um conjunto de premissas das condições econômicas da transação, cuja eventual falsidade franqueia ao comprador acionar os remédios contratuais preestabelecidos.

Nesse passo, as medidas/remédios possíveis são tão variados quanto as estruturas de M&A, dentre as quais, no entanto, destacam-se pela quase onipresença: (i) os acordos de indenidade firmados nos Contratos, por meio dos quais o vendedor se obriga a ressarcir o comprador dos prejuízos decorrentes da violação de determinada R&W; e (ii) a contratação de serviços de administração de conta vinculada (escrow account), por meio dos quais parte dos recursos necessários à concretização da operação ficam indisponíveis às partes e sob a gestão de instituição bancária independente, que os devolverá ao comprador na medida em que as R&W venham a ser descumpridas, ou os entregará ao vendedor após o decurso de prazo contratualmente determinado dede que não haja violação das mesmas.

Seguro de Representantions and Warranties

O seguro de declarações e garantias (“Seguro de R&W”) – objeto deste texto – tem por finalidade principal garantir o cumprimento das R&W, podendo ser contratado tanto pelo comprador (buyer side), quanto pelo vendedor (seller side). Como alternativa aos remédios acima, o Seguro de R&W apresenta uma série de vantagens:

  • no pré-closing, reduz o desgaste negocial entre comprador e vendedor acerca das declarações e garantias, na medida em que os ônus decorrentes de sua violação serão arcados por seguradora, terceira à relação;
  • no pós-closing, caso o vendedor e o comprador mantenham relações, seja porque a venda não foi integral, seja porque o vendedor compõe a administração da Target, evita o desgaste, na medida em que quaisquer violações às R&W serão tratadas com a seguradora, e não entre as partes;
  • agiliza o pagamento das indenizações, em grande medida porque o pagamento das indenizações por meio de seguro tem menor litigiosidade do que por meio de cobrança direta entre as partes;
  • viabiliza melhores condições de financiamento pelo comprador, na medida em que a atividade da Target fica sujeita a menos imprevistos;
  • assegura que eventuais violações das R&W sejam indenizadas a despeito da situação financeira do vendedor;
  • permite que comprador e vendedor se desvinculem mais rapidamente: seja por meio de acordos de indenidade, ou do estabelecimento de contas vinculadas, a vendedora, após o closing, não pode/deve livremente dispor dos recursos decorrentes da venda, o que pode ser especialmente inconveniente para fundos de investimento com prazo determinado de duração ou qualquer um que deseje destinar os recursos para outra finalidade; e
  • com a tendência de queda dos juros (taxa básica), a depender do custo de capital do vendedor, a contratação de Seguro de R&W pode vir a ser financeiramente mais vantajosa (com a consequente melhora na taxa interna de retorno do investimento) do que a manutenção de vultuosas quantias em conta vinculada.

Criado em 1997 nos Estados Unidos, o Seguro de R&W demorou a se difundir, mas, nos últimos anos, tem se expandido rapidamente. Vinte anos depois, em 2017, dentre as operações de M&A ocorridas nos Estados Unidos com valor compreendido entre US$ 25 milhões e US$ 1bilhão, 34% contaram com a contratação de Seguro de R&W, contra somente 20% em 2016.

Ainda em 2017, houve contratação de Seguro de R&W em 75% dos M&A’s nos quais fundos de private equity atuaram como compradores[1].

Além da maior penetração no mercado, com o passar do tempo os produtos de Seguros de R&W têm se tornado mais flexíveis. Em princípio, as seguradoras que operavam esse tipo de produto eram muito reticentes em segurar as R&W em operações nas quais o segurado não retivesse parte do risco; as coberturas de R&W eram feitas somente em excesso aos limites dos compromissos de indenidade assumidos pelo vendedor. Hoje, nos Estados Unidos, entretanto, já é possível contratar coberturas desse tipo mediante proporcional majoração no valor do prêmio a ser pago, é claro.

No mercado norte-americano, os prêmios dos Seguros de R&W variam, em média, entre 3% a 8% do capital segurado (que é proporcional ao valor da operação), o que pode torná-lo pouco vantajoso para operações menores devido aos elevados custos de subscrição, mormente relacionados às analises qualitativas conduzidas pelas seguradoras com relação aos processos de due diligence realizados pelos compradores[2].

No Brasil

Os produtos disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, normalmente, cobrem: (i) os valores a que os compradores façam jus a título de multa ou indenização, nos termos dos Contratos firmados com o vendedor, em virtude da violação às R&W; e (ii) os custos de defesa relacionados a ações ajuizadas por terceiros em decorrência da violação das R&W.

Em tempo, são exclusões e hipóteses de perda de direito típicas de produtos de seguro desse tipo:

  • as R&W expressamente identificadas pela seguradora como não cobertas ou como parcialmente cobertas (na extensão de sua não cobertura);
  • todas as violações de R&W, ou fatos que possam razoavelmente resultar em violações de R&W, sobre as quais o comprador tinha conhecimento ou deveria ter conhecimento no momento do signing ou closing, conforme o caso, e que não tenham sido informadas à seguradora antes dessas datas;
  • multas e penalidades de natureza criminal;
  • descumprimento pelo segurado (comprador) de suas obrigações, conforme estabelecidas nos Contratos; e
  • desídia pelo segurado (comprador) em comunicar à seguradora imediatamente acerca de qualquer violação das R&W ou fato que razoavelmente possa acarretar uma violação das R&W ou agravamento desse risco.

O primeiro produto do tipo somente veio a ser lançado no país em 2014 pela AIG Seguros Brasil S.A. Sendo comercializado somente na modalidade buyer side e com valor máximo de coberturas de 25 milhões de dólares (por operação)[3], o mercado brasileiro de Seguro de R&W ainda não possui a diversidade e flexibilidade do norte-americano. Apesar disso, segundo a Marsh Corretora de Seguros Ltda., entre os meses de janeiro a junho de 2018, a demanda pelo Seguro de R&W no Brasil cresceu 35%, em comparação com o mesmo período de 2017[4].

Conclusão

Para além das tendências de longo prazo (o Brasil vem experimentando um aumento significativo no volume de M&As nas últimas duas décadas[5]), na iminência da aprovação de uma agenda legislativa reformista e do início de um novo ciclo de prosperidade no país, a expectativa é que haja um rápido aumento no volume de operações de M&A e, consequentemente, de contratações de Seguro de R&W.

Em vista do quão inexplorado é o mercado nacional de seguros desse tipo, essa conjuntura econômica favorável representa uma oportunidade única de expansão das carteiras das seguradoras. Já para os operadores de M&A (especialmente os advogados), o manuseio desse produto representará relevante diferencial competitivo, na medida em que certamente agregará imenso valor às operações por eles conduzidas, tal como já ocorre em mercados mais maduros.


[1] Visto em 23 de abril de 2019, às 21:00: https://www.aon.com/m-and-a-riskinreview/index.html

[2] Visto em 23 de abril de 2019, às 21:10: https://www.mofo.com/resources/news/representation-and-warranties-insurance-a-new-strategic-negotiation-tool-for-dealmakers.html

[3] Visto em 24 de abril de 2019, às 21:30: https://www.aig.com.br/seguros/seguro-m-and-a

[4] Estadão. Procura por seguro para fusões e aquisições aumenta 35% no Brasil. Disponível em: https://economia.estadao.com.br/blogs/coluna-do-broad/procura-por-seguro-para-fusoes-e-aquisicoes-aumenta-35-no-brasil/.

[5] https://www.pwc.com.br/pt/estudos/servicos/assessoria-tributaria-societaria/fusoes-aquisicoes/2018/fusoes-e-aquisicoes-no-brasil-dezembro-2018.htmlhttps://www.pwc.com.br/pt/estudos/servicos/assessoria-tributaria-societaria/fusoes-aquisicoes/2018/fusoes-e-aquisicoes-no-brasil-dezembro-2018.html

DealMaker Q&A

Eduardo Peláez

TTR DealMaker Q&A with UNE Asesores Financieros Partner Eduardo Peláez

Eduardo Peláez

Eduardo Peláez is Partner of UNE Asesores Financieros, an M&A advisory boutique focused in Latin America Small/Mid-Market. Eduardo Peláez has conducted many transactions in diverse sectors including tourism, chemicals, real estate and agriculture. Previously Eduardo was associate of Miranda & Amado Abogados and Hernández & Cía. Abogados. Also, worked in Lindley. 

He is Lawyer from Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and holds a MSc Management from Alliance Manchester Business School.

TTR: What’s your general outlook for the M&A market in Latin American this year, and specifically, in Peru?

EP: We believe the Latin American M&A market is experiencing a quite dynamic phase. Notwithstanding, the particular circumstances of each country in terms of macroeconomic conditions and political environment lead to diverse possibilities and projections. 

In the region there are markets like Venezuela, a country with enormous potential but absolutely isolated, but also the case of Chile, a nation with very stable economy and government, but with less opportunities for high returns. Also, there are some up-and-coming countries like Paraguay that has established favorable market conditions through a pro-investment regulatory and tax set of rules. 

The case of Peru is very particular. Despite of the political turbulence and the scandals of corruption, the economy is stable and the National Central Bank maintains its growth´s projections around 4%. The last two years have been marked by iconic transactions led by strategic investors pursuing market consolidation, such as the acquisition of the pharmacy chain MiFarma by Intercorp and the recent acquisition of Intradevco by Alicorp.

TTR: What are the primary factors influencing M&A decisions in the current economic climate? How do these economic fluctuations affect investment priorities?

EP: In the last decade, Peru has grown consistently. Even though the pace slowed since 2014, the Peruvian market maintains healthy indexes and presents opportunities for high returns, making it one of the most attractive markets in Latin America. 

Likewise, the Private Equity industry is taking more prominence in Peru, generating more dynamism in M&A activity. Global funds like Advent and Carlyle are already active investors in the Peruvian market. Also, there are other relevant players specialized in the mid-market such as HIG, L Catterton, Southern Cross and Victoria Capital Partners, that are exploring opportunities in Peru. 

From the sell-side standpoint, the political instability could make some businesses owners’ deciding to sell. Also, the new M&A regulation that will go into effect next year could accelerate the velocity of transactions and increase the volume of deals in the following months.

TTR: What is the state of the capital market in Perú? How has the country evolved in this respect in recent years? What is your forecast for the near-term?

EP: Peruvian capital market is still in an embryonic stage, characterized by low activity and hardly influenced by a few institutional investors. The exclusion of Credicorp from the FTSE Emerging Markets index is symptomatic. 

There are some significant efforts of developing the MAV (capital market for mid-size companies with less than S/. 350MM of annual revenue), but the results are modest, with just 13 listed companies since its inception in 2013. 

In this context, the recent creation of FIRBIs and FIBRAs, vehicles that have similarities with the American REITs, could represent a great opportunity to attract retail investors and increase the activity and liquidity of the capital market.

TTR: How difficult is it for corporates to access financing from local financial institutions in the current environment? What are the main barriers? How is financing structured?

EP: We have experienced a significant evolution in the volume of Peruvian companies accessing to the banking system in the past few years, going from 25% in 2014 to 40% in 2018, according to ASBANC. 

The big challenge is the inclusion of the majority of small and medium enterprises that currently have very few options. The fintech market represents a very interesting alternative for this type of businesses, particularly in the way of factoring platforms. 

Also, the increasing presence of foreign debt funds, especially Chilean, are becoming key participants, even in the small-and-mid size market. For example, recently we helped our client Llaxta Inmobiliaria y Constructora to obtain a US$ 10.5MM loan from Volcom Capital Chile for a real estate project in Piura, part of the social program “Techo Propio”.

TTR: Finally, we would like you to share with us your opinions and forecasts about the opening of the Peruvian market with other countries

EP: The Peru market presents many opportunities for all types of international investors, from strategic regional players to family offices and private equity and debt funds. 

Beyond the usual M&A activity in the mining sector, we see interesting opportunities of consolidation in the agricultural business. For example, there is the case of Hortifrut that became the leading berry producer in the world after the acquisition of El Rocío. Likewise, last year we had the opportunity to advise the British trader Wealmoor and Limones Piuranos in the acquisition of the mango and avocado´s exporter Sunshine. Also, recently we led the sale of the mango´s exporter Dominus to the Peruvian-Danish joint venture Danper

On the other hand, the real estate market still presents superiors return rates compared with other countries in Latin America, attracting global and regional real estate funds. 

Finally, considering the current development of modern retail, we believe Peru represents an interesting possibility for regional companies dedicated to services related with cold chain and specialized storage.